Classification and use of Zhangqiu forgings
Zhangqiu forgings can be divided into cold forging, warm forging and hot forging according to the temperature of the blank during processing. Cold forging is generally carried out at room temperature, while hot forging is carried out at a temperature higher than the recrystallization temperature of the metal blank. The difference in the complexity of the geometric structure of Zhangqiu forgings determines the obvious difference between the forging process and the die design. Defining the type of forging structure is a necessary prerequisite for process design.
Zhangqiu forgings with the main axis located in the die cavity and with similar two-dimensional dimensions in the horizontal direction. Upsetting is usually used for die forging of such forgings, and is grouped according to the difficulty of forming:
1. Forgings formed by upsetting and light pressing, such as gears with little change in height between the hub and the rim;
2. Forgings formed by extrusion and micro-upsetting, and forgings formed by extrusion, pressing and upsetting, such as universal joint forks and cross shafts;
3. Forgings formed by composite extrusion, such as hub shafts, etc.
For Zhangqiu forgings with straight long axis, the main axis is located in the die cavity, and the one-dimensional dimension in the horizontal direction is longer. According to the different degrees of vertical axis cross-sectional area, it is subdivided into groups:
1. Forgings with little difference in cross-sectional area of vertical main axis;
2. Group forgings with large differences in cross-sectional area perpendicular to the main axis, such as connecting rods;
3. For forgings with bifurcated/branched ends, in addition to determining whether blank making is required based on the above two groups, it is also necessary to reasonably design the pre-forging steps, such as casing forks.
Zhangqiu forgings generally adopt plane parting or symmetrical surface parting, and asymmetrical parting increases the complexity of forgings. The main shaft is bent and lies in the die cavity to form the forging.
Zhangqiu forgings have the following uses:
1. General industrial forgings refer to civil industries such as machine tool manufacturing, agricultural machinery, farm tool manufacturing, and bearing industry.
2. Hydrogenerator forgings, such as main shaft and intermediate shaft.
3. Forgings for thermal power stations, such as rotors, impellers, retaining rings, spindles, etc.
4. Metallurgy, such as cold rolling, hot rolling, herringbone gear shaft.
5. Pressure vessel forgings, such as cylinder, kettle flange and head, etc.
6. Marine forgings, such as crankshaft, stern shaft, rudder stock, thrust shaft, intermediate shaft, etc.
7. Forging mechanical equipment, such as hammer head, hammer rod, hydraulic press column, axial press cylinder, column, cylinder, etc.
8. The module forging is mainly the forging die of the hot die hammer.
9. Forgings for the automobile industry, such as left and right steering knuckles, front beams, couplers, etc.
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