Forging manufacturers: analysis of several common forging defects
Forging manufacturers: There are many kinds of forging defects, which are caused by many reasons, such as forging process, raw materials, unreasonable die design, etc.. Especially for precision forgings with small cutting volumes, it is difficult to achieve complete control. Several common forging defects are introduced.
1. shrinkage: forging pre-casting ingot, ingot cooling metal solidification volume shrinkage, resulting in large holes, commonly in the ingot head (riser end).
Forging manufacturers: shrinkage characteristics: generally located in the middle of the cross-section, large volume, long axial extension.
2. Loose:ingot solidification, molten metal in the gas too late to discharge, metal cooling shrinkage, the formation of internal cavities, rather than dense. Forging, due to the forging ratio is not enough, the metal organization is soft, the metal organization exists in the forging.
3. Inclusions:There are non-metallic inclusions and metal inclusions.
(1) non-metallic inclusions: steel in the deoxidizer, alloying elements lamp and gas produced by the reactants, generally small in size, floating in the ingot, and then in the ingot area and the head was squeezed until the new solidification; melting and pouring process mixed in the refractory materials or impurities larger size, often mixed into the lower part of the ingot.
(2) metal inclusions: smelting when adding too much or too large iron alloy, pouring metal splash, or insoluble abnormal metal into the mold and defects.
4. forging manufacturers: cracks: there are many kinds of cracks, the causes are not the same.
(1) cracking along the crystal, mostly seen in austenitic steel and stainless steel forgings.
(2) in the middle of high-alloy steel ingots, cracks along the crystal distribution, arc-shaped, larger than the inclusions, and has a certain direction.
(3) Improper forging or heat treatment, excessive temperature difference between inside and outside the workpiece, and drastic changes in cross-sectional dimensions can lead to thermal cracking, which often occurs at changes in the cross-section of the forging core.
(4) overheating overburning caused by the large microstructure and brittle cracking mostly from the surface of the workpiece.
(5) forging manufacturers: forging, the surface of the ingot oxidation skin or projection into the steel formed by the wrinkles is also one of the cracks generated by improper deformation.
(6) White spots in ordinary alloy steel are essentially micro cracks caused by hydrogen embrittlement. The individual size is large and widely distributed, with large variations in the forged section. After forging, white spots are easily and rapidly formed after cooling.
(7) After quenching, if the tempering is not timely or improper, the heat treatment residual stress is still large and prone to cracking, which can seriously lead to spontaneous explosion.
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