Introduction to the basics of bearings
Bearings are widely used as an important part of modern machinery. Bearings are generally made up of an inner ring, outer ring, rolling element and cage. For sealed bearings, together with the lubricant and the seal (or dust cover), this is all the components of the bearing.
According to the working conditions of the bearings, different types of bearings can be selected to give full play to the function of the bearings and prolong the service life of the bearings. In the selection of bearings, generally consider the bearing as a shaft system arrangement, installation and dismantling of the difficulty, bearing space and size allowed, bearing marketability, roughly determine the structure of the bearing. Secondly, a comparative study of the design life of various machines using bearings and the different endurance of bearings was carried out to determine the bearing size. Further, depending on the application, specially designed bearings that meet the requirements of accuracy, clearance, cage structure, grease etc. need to be selected. However, there is no certain order or rule for selecting bearings and it is particularly practical that priority should be given to the conditions, performance and associated options required for the bearing.
Rolling bearings are precision parts and should therefore be used with care. Precautions should be taken as follows: (1) Keep the bearing and its surroundings clean. Even small dust that is invisible to the naked eye can have an adverse effect on bearings. It is therefore necessary to keep the surroundings clean so that dust does not invade the bearings. (2) Use with caution. In use, if the bearing is subjected to strong impact, it will produce scars and indentations, which will be the cause of accidents. In serious cases, they will crack and break, and must be taken seriously. (3) Use suitable operating tools. Avoid replacing it with an existing tool, a suitable tool needs to be used. (4) Pay attention to bearing corrosion. Sweat on your hands when handling bearings can be a cause of rust. Take care that your hands are clean and wear gloves whenever possible.
The correct method of mounting bearings: open the package before mounting, usually by filling with grease directly. Bearings for instrumentation or high speeds should be cleaned with clean oil to remove any rust inhibitors that have been applied to the bearing. In addition, bearings sealed with grease should be used straight away without cleaning. The method of mounting bearings varies according to bearing construction, fit and conditions. In general, the inner ring requires an interference fit due to the rotation of the shaft. For cylindrical bearings, the multi-purpose press-in or multi-purpose hot-fit method is used. In the case of tapered bores, direct mounting on a tapered shaft or sleeve mounting. When mounted to the housing, there is usually a lot of clearance fit and interference in the outer ring. Usually pressed in with a press, or also cooled and cold shrink fit. With dry ice as a coolant, moisture from the air can condense on the bearing surface when mounting with cold shrink. Therefore, appropriate anti-rust measures need to be taken.
In order to keep the original performance of the bearings in good condition for as long as possible, they should be maintained and overhauled in order to prevent problems before they occur, ensure operational reliability and improve productivity and economy. The operating standards for the corresponding mechanical operating conditions should be maintained and are to be carried out on a regular basis, including monitoring the operating conditions, replenishing or replacing lubricants and dismantling and inspecting them at regular intervals.
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